Carrier for containers



July 28, 1964 O PQUPITCH 3,142,407

, INVEN TOR.

Oug/jesa Jules Poupirch July 28, 1964 O. J. POUPITCH CARRIER FORCONTAINERS Original Filed Feb. 15, 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.Oug/jesa Jules Pouplfch Iii W @t;

July 28, 1964 v o. J. POUPITCH 3,142,407

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Oug/jesa Jules Poupirch United States Patent 3,142,407 CARRIER FGRCONTAINERS Ougljesa Jules Poupitch, Itasca, IlL, assignor to IllinoisTool Works Inc, a corporation of Delaware Original application Feb. 15,1960, Ser. No. 8,776, new

Patent No. 3,115,266, dated Dec. 24, 1963. Divided and this applicationept. 5, 1963, Ser. No. 306,761

1 Claim. (Cl. Mil-23.6)

This application is a division of my application Serial No. 8,776, filedFebruary 15, 1960, which issued on December 24, 1963, as Patent No.3,115,266.

This invention relates in general to container carriers and moreparticularly relates to nestable expandable plastic container carriers.

Conventional packaging devices for bottles such as six-packs for softdrinks are generally manufactured from cardboard and held together withglue. These conventional bottle carriers have certain inherentdeficiencies in that they are deleteriously affected by high humidity,are not well adapted to withstand the rigors of their conventional use,cannot be recleaned after use and return by the consumer, and presentsevere space problems when being shipped from the manufacturer to thebottling or packaging point both during the actual initial shipping andduring the warehousing prior to the actual packaging.

It is an object of this invention to provide a novel container carrierwhich overcomes the prior art deficiencies and which is re-usable,sturdy, economical and esthetically pleasing.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a container carrierwhich may be readily cleaned after each use and return from the consumerand thus presents a sanitary package on subsequent use.

It is another object of this invention to provide a unitary containercarrier which is adapted to be made by mass manufacturing techniques, itbeing manufactured from sheet plastic on automatic machinery utilizinghigh speed techniques at low costs with the resultant economy inpackaging costs.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a unitary formedcontainer carrier which comprises a plurality of cup-shaped pocketswhich are of sufficient depth to retain the containers therein for safetransporting of the containers.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a container carrierwherein the individual pockets which retain the containers or otherobjects releasably and closely grip the same to prevent unauthorizedretrograde action thereof.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a container carrieras aforedescribed which is of a unitary design, the individual pocketsbeing interconnected to structurally reinforce one another as well as toafford easy handling during manufacture thereof.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a container carrierof the above-described general nature which is well adapted for thecarrying of the containers therewithin.

It is another object of this invention to provide a carrier of theaforementioned description wherein said container carriers are nestablewithin each other which provides a minimum of space during theirshipment as well as storage room prior to assembly with the container;further, the design facilitates the automatic feeding thereof throughthe use of automatic packaging machinery.

More particularly, it is an object of this invention to provide a novelcontainer carrier wherein the individual pockets thereof have taperedside walls, the top opening of the pockets are larger than the bottomopening, the pockets are radially expansible, and are resilientlydeformable during the telescopic assembly of containers 3,142,407Patented July 28, 1964 therewithin, where the individual pockets areinterconnected by web portions adjacent the top of the pockets, wherethe pockets are apertured for through movement of cleaning fluid, andthe pockets are of basically rectilinear or cruciformed shapes which maybe made in either a substantially grid-like form or may havesubstantially solid side walls with small apertures therein.

It is another object of this invention to provide a container carrier asabove-described which is adapted to have handle means associatedtherewith, which may be unitary with the web portion of the container ormay be of the separate insertable type provided with means to preventretrograde movement thereof relative to apertures in the web portion,there being set forth a novel method of inserting and attaching metalwire handles to the container carrier to facilitate automatic assemblyof them to the container carrier.

The novel features that are characteristic of the invention are setforth with particularity in the appended claim. The invention itself,however, both as to its organization and its method of operation,together with additional objects and advantages thereof will best beunderstood by study of the following description of specific embodimentswhen read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is an isometric perspective view, partially in section,illustrating one form of my container carrier;

FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view of the container carrier shown inFIGURE 1, there being containers inserted therein in assembled relationthereto;

FIGURE 3 is a bottom plan view of the container carrier shown in FIGURES1 and 2;

FIGURE 4 is a view similar to FIGURE 3 showing the deformation of thecontainer carrier after insertion of the containers therewithin;

FIGURE 5 is a sectional view along lines 55 of FIG- URE 3, a pluralityof containers being shown in nested relation;

FIGURE 6 is an isometric perspective view of a second embodiment of acontainer carrier;

FIGURE 6:: is an isometric perspective view of a deformable plastichandle usable with the container carriers;

FIGURE 7 is an isometric perspective view of a third embodiment of acontainer carrier;

FIGURE 8 is an isometric perspective view of a fourth embodiment of acontainer carrier;

FIGURE 9 is an isometric perspective view of a fifth embodiment of acontainer carrier;

FIGURE 10 is an isometric perspective view of a handle usable withcontainer carrier shown in FIG- URE 11;

FIGURE 11 is an isometric perspective view of a sixth embodiment of acontainer carrier;

FIGURE 12 is a front elevational view of the container carrier shown inFIGURE 11, containers being shown therewithin and a handle mountedthereon;

FIGURE 13 is a bottom plan view of the container carrier shown in FIGURE11;

FIGURE 14 is a bottom plan view similar to FIG- URE 13 of the containercarrier shown in FIGURES 11 to 13 after the containers have beeninserted in the container carrier to illustrate the distortion of thelatter;

FIGURE 15 is a view similar to FIGURE 5 showing a plurality of the typeof containers shown in FIGURE 11 in a stacked nested relation;

FIGURE 16 is an isometric perspective view, a portion being in section,of still another embodiment of container carrier generally similar tothat shown in FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 17 is an isometric perspective View of another embodiment ofcontainer carrier;

FIGURE 18 is an isometric perspective view of another embodiment of thecontiner carrier;

FIGURE 19 is a front elevational view of the final configuration of ahandle shown being assembled to a container carrier in FIGURE 22;

FIGURE 20 is a front elevational view of the final configuration of ahandle shown being assembled to a container carrier in FIGURE 23;

FIGURE 21 is a front elevational view of the final configuration of ahandle shown being assembled to a container carrier in FIGURE 24;

FIGURES 22a, 22b, and 220 are semi-diagrammatic views showing theapparatus for assembling a handle such as shown in FIGURE 19 to acontainer carrier and illustrating three steps in the assemblyoperation;

FIGURES 23a, 23b, and 230 are semi-diagrammatic views similar to FIGURES22a, 22b, and 22c showing the apparatus and method for assembly of thehandle shown in FIGURE 20;

FIGURES 24a, 24b, and 240 are views similar to FIGURES 22a-22c and23a23c, semi-diagrammatically showing the apparatus and method ofassembly of the handle shown in FIGURE 21, to a container carrier.

While the containers and container carriers to be discussed in detailhereinafter shall be described in connection with soft drink containersor bottles, it will be obvious that the container carrier is adaptableto and susceptible of many other uses and thus the words container,"container carrier, or bottles should be considered as illustrative,rather than as limiting. Turning now to FIGURES l5, a resilientcontainer carrier 10, preferably made from sheet plastic materials, suchas high impact polystyrene, comprises a plurality of cupshaped pocketsor members 12 (a six-pack being shown and described throughout thisspecification) which are interconnected adjacent the top openingsthereof by integral web portions 14. The depth of the cup-shaped members12 (dimension 2 as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2) is greater than thedimension of the top opening of the individual cup-shaped members and apreferred method of manufacture is the so-called plug assist andpressure form technique which utilizes an opposed mold and mandrel forrapid mass manufacture of the container carrier from sheet stockmaterial.

On the outer upper periphery of the carrier 10, the web portions 14 havea plurality of offset portions 16, which are downwardly deformed fromthe major plane of the web 14 to structurally reinforce the carrier. Theweb 14 is also downwardly deformed from its major plane in the centerportions 18 thereof, the latter being conveniently made of a sizesusceptible to having a large range of sizes of central aperturestherein (shown in dotted lines) for receipt of any of various adaptablehandle means which shall be later described.

The cup-shaped members 12 are substantially symmetrical in shape andhave a generally square configuration which has a side dimension x atthe top opening thereof, said dimension x preferredly beingsubstantially equal to the dimension y which is the diagonal or longestdimension adjacent the bottom of the side walls 22 of the cup-shapedmembers. As shown, the side walls 22 taper inwardly from the top to thebottom thereof so as to provide the required relationship betweendimensions x and y, the amount of taper varying with the varying depths(dimension 2) of the members 12. As shown in FIGURE 5, the taper of theside wall 22, is of a nature which permits nesting of a plurality ofcontainers, one within the other.

What would normally be the bottom portion of the cup-shaped members 12,has been removed except for those small portions which are the inwardlyextending corner lugs 26, located adjacent each of the rounded corners24 of side walls 22. A large aperture 28, of generally cruciform shape,it thus formed in the bottom of members 12 which allows through movementof cleaning fluids when the container is to be washed and steri- 4 lizedafter use. Further, the large aperture permits the ready distortion ofthe side walls for receipt and retention of the container as shall beexplained The containers or bottles 36, which are to be packaged in thecarrier 10, are conventionally formed of glass and thus are quite rigid.The dimension x, adjacent to the top opening of the cup-shaped members12 is preferredly substantially equal to the outside diameter of thegenerally cylindrical containers or bottles 39 which are to be placedtherewithin. (It being possible, but not as desirable to make thisdimension slightly less than the outer diameter of containers.) As shownin FIGURES 2 and 4, when the bottles 30 are inserted within theindividual cup-shaped members 12, the side walls 22 are progressivelydistorted to receive and closely and releasably grip the container. Thecontainer 30 is prevented from passing through the cup members 12 by thestop means or lugs 26, adjacent the bottom portion of the side walls 22.The distortion of the individual side walls 22 is greatest in thatportion which is located intermediate the top and bottom edge andadjacent the bottom edge thereof. The corners 24 of member 12 remainsubstantially undistorted. Thus, these lugs 26, which are adjacent thebottom corners and are undistorted by insertion of the container 30serve to provide good safe retention of the containers within thecup-shaped members 12.

It will be noted that the individual cup-shaped members 12 of carrieriii are normally originally rectilinear in configuration. In theconfiguration of members 12 (prior to insertion of the containers 30, asshown in FIG- URES l and FIGURES 3), a circular line in space takenadjacent the bottom edge portion of the sidewalls 22 of the members 12and taken so as to have a diameter dimension equal to the smallestdimension between opposed portions of the side walls 22 in this area,will have a diameter dimension that will be less than the outsidediameter of the container 3% (neglecting the rounded edge of the bottomof the container). However, the largest dimension in this same plane andin the same area (the diagonal dimension y) is substantially equal tothe outside diameter of the container 34) and said dimension y is equalto the smallest dimension between the opposed side walls surrounding thetop portion of the individual cup-like members 12. These generalrelationships are necessary for stacking of carriers in nested relationwhile assuring gripping retention of the container throughout the axiallength of members 12.

Carrier 1Ga shown in FIGURE 6, is quite similar to that shown in FIGURES1-5, and similar parts have been identified by similar referencenumerals with the suflix a added thereto. The carrier 10a differs overcarrier 10 in that the web portions 16a and 18a are raised relative tothe web portion 14a, rather than depressed, For certain containers thisis desirable since it will give additional side support to thecontainers in the axial dimension thereof. Further, the apertures 20aare shown formed in portion 18a to receive the plastic U-shaped handle31 (shown in FIGURE 61:) having arrowhead ends 32. The arrowhead ends32, after mounting of the handle 31, prevent inadvertent removal of themounted or assembled handle.

Another embodiment of the carrier is shown in FIG- URE 7, and similarreference numerals shall be used throughout, with the addition of thesufiix b for identification of similar parts. The embodiment of carrier10b is substantially similar to that shown in FIGURE 6, except that thecentral web portions 18b have been formed to project a considerabledistance above the plane of the major portions of web 14]), and areconsiderably higher than the offset of the portions 1612 on theperiphery. With the central web portion 18b being offset as shown inFIGURE 7, a shorter handle may be used and/or a taller container may beretained within the carrier. Also, this configuration is advantageouswith so-called waspwaisted bottles or the like. The design is such thatnesting of stacked carrier devices is facilitated.

tions 24s as best shown in FIGURE 14.

The embodiment shown in FIGURE 8, is substantially similar to that shownin FIGURE 6, and similar reference numerals shall be applied theretowith the addition of the suffix c to identify similar parts. In theembodiment shown in FIGURE 8, each of the side walls 220 of thecup-shaped members 120 have been preformed so as to present an outwardlydirected curvilinear pieshaped section 32 adjacent the lower edge of thesidewalls as shown, the apex thereof pointing toward the top of thepocket 12c. The dimension between opposed portions 32, taken at thebottom edge, is slightly less than the diameter of the bottom when takenat the corners 24c adjacent the lugs 260, so that there is slightdistortion of the side wall portions 32, upon insertion of a bottle toaccomplish gripping of the container when it is assembled in thecup-shaped members 12c. This form of carrier is particularly welladapted for use with heavy gauge plastics where heavy containers arecontemplated and it is preferred that the amount of distortion requiredof the bottom portion of the carrier be minimized. This form does notallow as close nesting of stacked carriers Itlc as other forms shown,though stacking and warehousing space even if these forms is saved.

Another form of the invention is shown in FIGURE 9 and the containercarrier 10d shown therein shall have similar parts identified withsimilar reference numerals with the addition of the sufiix d. Theembodiment ltid is essentially similar to the foregoing except that eachof the side wall portions 22c are apertured with a triangular shapedaperture at 36 and the stop means or lugs now take the form of a solidbottom wall 34. It will be noted that the apertures 36 are generallypie-shaped and so orientated on the side walls 22 as to afford an easydistortion thereof adjacent thereto when the container is insertedtherewithin. This form 10d is also well adapted for the heavier types ofcontainers and presents good nesting and stacking characteristics.

The embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURES 11 through 15, whilehaving a different appearing configuration is generally similar to theforegoing embodiments and similar reference numerals will be applied tosimilar parts with the addition of the sufiix e. In the embodiment 10s,the lower portion of each of the side walls 220 of members 12c areinwardly preformed in a shallow compound curve to present a curvilinearpieshaped section 38 and immediately thereabove are outwardly preformed(reverse) sections 40, the latter being of considerably less axial sizethan the former. The bottom 42 of the container carrier ltie isco-extensive with the initial configuration of members 120 and isattached to the side walls 220 only at the bottom 54) of corner por- Itwill be noted that the bottom 42 has a generally cruciform shape, andthat the top opening of members 12e is generally square except for thecorners and those midportions of the side walls where the outwardlypreformed portion 40 joins the web portion 14a. The largest dimension y(near the bottom portion 42) between opposite portions of the side wallsat the corner portions 50, is equivalent to the smallest dimension xbetween opposite side walls 222 adjacent the top opening which alsobisects the longitudinal axis of the member 12s, said dimension x alsobeing the outside diameter of the bottles 30a, which are to be containedin the individual pockets 122. Due to the configuration of pockets 12eshown, a slightly smaller overall dimension of container carrier 102 maybe used since the configuration affords a more compact unit.

Upon mounting or assembly of bottles 3% within the individual pocketsMe, the pie-shaped portions 38 move outwardly to the position shown inFIGURE 14 (said position being in substantial alignment with theoutwardly preformed portions 40). In other words, the lower edgeportions 44 of side wall portions 38, move completely over center andassume an almost exactly reversed position from their normal position.Since the edges 44 of the side walls are severed from the bottom portion42, no problem with passage of cleaning fluids as the container carriersare sterilized after use is encountered.

It will be noted that the webs 14:2 are upset from the major planethereof near the center web portions to form handle lugs 46. The lugs 46are conveniently pierced by through apertures 48, so that a metal wirehandle Me of the type shown in FIGURE 10 may be inserted therewithin.Further, the configuration of the container carrier we is such that itwill afford a close nesting of a plurality of carriers as shown inFIGURE 15.

The corner portions 24:; of the side walls 22a of the pocket members 12eare generally rectilinear rather than rounded, and are so dimensionedand positioned that they are not distorted at the junction 50 (betweenbottom 42 and some portions Me) by the insertion of the bottles 3% andthus, no pressures are placed on said junction 50. It is important thatthis relationship be maintained, so that there will not be a tendency totear thebottoms 42 relative to the side wall corner portions Me at therelatively short neckdown portion 50 where they join.

The embodiment shown in FIGURE 16 is generally similar to the foregoingand shall be identified by similar reference numerals to the foregoingcarriers with the addition of the sulfix f. The embodiment 10 is similarto embodiment we shown in FIGURES 10 through 15, except that the cornerportions 24] are rounded and the upper opening does not have theoutwardly extending preformed portion 40. The web portion 14 is offsetat 16 but the central portion 18 is generally planar with the remainingweb portion 14 A range of apertures 20f are susceptible of being formedin the center web portions 18 which may be adapted to take any of anumber of handle structures. It will be noted taht while the inwardlypreformed pie-shaped side wall portions 38 have a greater relative axialheight, they do not extend as close to the corner 24 as does the portion38 of the carrier shown in We. Thus, not as large a portion of the sidewall will be flexed outwardly upon the insertion of the bottle. Thisdesign of the carrier makes it adaptable to heavier gauges of plasticmaterials.

The embodiment shown in FIGURE 17, shall be identified by similarreference numerals as applied to the foregoing carriers with theaddition of the sufiix g. In configuration, the embodiment shown inFIGURE 17 is most similar to that embodiment shown in FIGURE 6, exceptthat it has been made in an open or grid-like form and most of the sidewall portions have been removed and the corner lug portions have beenextended across the bottom of the cup members 12g. This form of theinvention is preferred when relatively light containers are to be used,or where long life and repeated use is not a necessary factor, or whereeconomy re the amounts of plastic materials used is a dominant factor.In this embodiment 10g, the only portions which are distorted uponinsertion of containers therein are the side struts 52 which will deflect outwardly as will be apparent.

The embodiment shown in FIGURE 18 is generally similar to that shown inFIGURE 17, and similar parts will be identified with similar referencenumerals with the addition of the suffix h. In essence, the essentialdistinction of the embodiment shown in FIGURE 18 is the addition of theintegrally formed handle means 54. The handle means 54 is actually anextension of the web means which is formed into a closed loop. The sidesof the handle means 54 converge at an angle equal to or at a slightlygreater angle than the taper of the pockets 12h. All other relationshipsare similar to that embodiment shown in FIGURE 17.

As aforestated, handle means of various types are adapted to be employedwith the carriers discussed. The exact type of handle means is somewhatdependent upon the nature of the container to be carried within thecarrier. Also, a major consideration is when the handle is to beattached to the carrier. If it is to be attached by the retailer, justprior to sale to consumer, then the handle 31 of the general type shownin FIGURE 6a has definite advantages since it is easily applied by handto most of the carriers under consideration. As aforestated, the handle31 comprises a generally one piece U-shaped member formed of plasticwith a pair of barbed heads at the terminal portions of the U. TheU-shaped body may or may not be preformed (as shown) to assure saidhandle after mounting to lay flat after its assembly to the carrier.

Whether the handle is to be inserted at the time of manufacture of thecarriers, or at the time of assembling of the carrier with thecontainers, the type shown in FIG- URE 10 or in FIGURES 19 through 21may be conveniently used.

The handle 60 shown in FIGURE 19, is preferably made of metal wire andis adapted to be applied by automatic machinery as shown in FIGURES 22a,b and 0. Initially, the handle 60 has a base portion 62, and spacedparallel arms 64 and 66. The free ends 70 of the arms 64 and 66 arepreformed prior to assembly into the first position as shown in FIGURE22a, said preform shape having a first portion 68, which is offset fromthe free end portion 70, said first portion 68 being generally parallelwith the base portion 62 (as shown in the upper portion of FIGURES 22a,b, and c). The second portions 70 are preferably angularly bent inwardlyrelative to the major axis of the free arms 64 and 66, being offset lessthan 90 relative to the first portion 68. The angular offset of portion70 of the deformable end of the handle 69 must not be so great as toprevent entrance into the aperture which are spaced a predetermineddistance in the carrier 10. Preferably the free end of the portion 70 isaligned with the major axes of the arm portions 64 and 66 respectively.It will be seen that as the handle is moved downwardly relative to thecarrier, the free ends of portions will tend to cam the arms 64 and 66such that the wire handle arms 64-66 will conveniently pass into thecarrier aperture.

Rather simple automatic machinery can deform the end portions 70, asshown in FIGURES 22a, b, and c. Specifically, an upper moveable clampmember 72 has an elongated groove which is adapted to move the handle 60through the apertures 20 in the carrier, there being side guide members'74 and 76, which are adapted to prevent distortion of the handle in thetransverse plane. A lower mandrel 78 is formed with a groove therein toengage the free end of portion 60, causing the latter to be deformeduntil it is parallel with arm portion 68, and base portion 62 as shownin FIGURE 22c. The end portion 70 in this position is of sufiicientdimension and so orientated that it prevents passage thereof through theapertures 20.

Still another embodiment of a handle 80 is shown being assembled inFIGURES 230, b, and c, with a carrier 10 (shown in semi-diagrammaticform). The U-shaped handle means 80 presents a pair of spaced legs, eachof which are grooved or nicked at 86. Each of the end portions 82 aredoubled back upon themselves to form a handle configured as shown inFIGURE 20. The end portion below the groove or nick 86 and in axialalignment with the two spaced arms are denominated with the referencenumeral 82 and the reversely bent end portion are denominated with thereference number 84. As shown, the end portions 82 and 84 are adapted tobe engaged by a plurality of anvils 88-89, while being held apart abovethe nick or groove 86 by a spaced member 90. The anvils cause the endportions 82 and 84 to be deformed to a configuration whereby portions 82and 84 assume a substantially parallel relation with the bight portionof the U-shaped handle. The spacer 90 and the anvils 88-89 are thenremoved and retraction of the handle from finally mounted position isprevented by the upset end portions 82 and 84.

Another embodiment of a U-shaped handle means 92 is shown in FIGURE 21,and in FIGURES 240, b, and c. The end portions of a U-shaped handle areprovided with slots or slits 94 on each of the arms, said slots beingsubstantially parallel to each other. When the U-shaped handle isinserted through the carrier sheet 10 (shown semi-diagrammatically), theslotted ends of the arms engage a first anvil member which is adapted toseparate opposite sides of the portions of the split end to cause themto bend divergingly of the two portions 96 and 98 of each arm.Thereafter, a secondary anvil surface causes the two portions to befinally deformed to a posiiton generally parallel with the base of thehandle portion. These deformed portions prevent ready removal of thehandle from the carrier, and mounted thereon. It will be noted that aseries of stepped anvils such as 102 may be employed to progressivelycause flattening out of the portions 96 and 98.

While I have shown and described various embodiments of my invention, itis with full awareness that many modifications thereof are possible. Theinvention, therefore, is not to be limited except by the prior art andby the spirit of the attached claim.

What is claimed as the invention is:

A one piece container, formed from plastic sheet stock comprising a webhaving a major plane, a plurality of pocket portions integral with saidweb and depending therefrom so that said web forms a lip portion forsaid pocket portions, :1 portion of said lip portions being defiectedfrom said major plane a distance less than said pocket portions toreinforce said lip portion, each of said pocket portions being ofgenerally polygonal quadrative configuration and of progressivelydiminishing peripheral measurement in a direction away from said majorplane, the peripheral measurement adjacent the bottom end of the pocketportions being substantially equal to the peripheral measurement of theobject to be contained therewithin, the shortest dimension betweenopposed portions of the pocket adjacent the lip portion multiplied timespi substantially equalling the peripheral measurement adjacent saidbottom end, the bottom end of said pocket portions being parallel withsaid major plane and comprising at least those portions spaced from saidmajor plane and adjacent the vicinity of each intersection of the wallsconstituting the polygon to form means for preventing through movementof the objects to be contained therewithin, and each of said pocketportions being formed with triangular shaped apertures in opposedrelationship to each other in each of the walls forming the polygon,said triangular shaped apertures having their apexes pointing towardsaid lip portions and their bases located adjacent to said bottomportions to provide through movement of cleaning fluids and to provideready outward flexure of said polygon walls to closely grip said objectto be contained therein coextensive with a substantial portion of theheight of said pocket portions.

References (Iited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 65 D.160,608 Jones Oct. 24, 1950 2,821,327 Glazer Jan. 28, 1958 2,885,136Grant May 5, 1959 2,941,663 Ettlinger June 21, 1960 70 3,040,923 LeitzelJune 26, 1962

